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Family: Strabomantidae
Caretta Robber Frog, more...Chiriqui Robber Frog, Chiriqui Robber Frog (es: Coqui, Ranita, Sapito)
[Eleutherodactylus cruentus Peters, 1873, moreEleutherodactylus dubitus Taylor, 1952] |
Adult: Species description based on Savage (2002). A small to medium-sized frog. Males and females have marked size dimorphism (males to 28 mm, females to 42 mm). Dorsal: Coloration and patterning is extremely variable in this species. Dorsal coloration varies from light or dark brown to grey to black. Some individuals also have a reddish cast. In lighter individuals, bold patterning (W or H shaped marks, lateral or middorsal stripes, bars on upper surfaces of the thighs) may be present. H- or W-shaped ridges are typically present on the dorsum just behind the head. Ventral: The ventral surface is dark, either heavily pigmented or completely black. Concealed surfaces: The sides of the body, groin, and inner surfaces of the thigh are marked with golden yellow to orange irregularly-shaped spots against a dark brown to black background. The rear surface of the thighs are brown or black. Eye: The iris is gold above and coppery below, or completely black. Extremities: These frogs have prominent toe pads. Egg: Eggs are deposited in the trunks of trees (Myers 1969). Habitat: Lowland, premontane and lower montane forest to 1800 m. Ecology: Pristimantis cruentus is nocturnal, and may be encountered on vegetation at night (Savage 2002). It has rarely been observed during the day, even when sampling leaf litter, suggesting that it may hide above ground (Lieberman 1986, Savage 2002). Call: This species does not call (Savage 2002). Karyotype: 2N = 20 (DeWeese 1976) Type locality: Chiriqui (Panama) Diagnostic description: The legs lacking webbing. Ll finger is longer than the l: lll-lV fingers have clearly expanded discs. The heel has a tuber (trace) well defined, pointy to fold. Has a defined or enlarged and pointed shaped top fold tuber; subarticular tubercles of fingers are not pointed or sharp, but can be high. The tympanum is indistinct or covered with skin. The discs of the outer fingers (III-IV) of the hand are very large, truncated or emarginate. The supraocular tubercle is large, pointed or shaped fold, and is not located at the free edge of the eyelid, but more towards the center. The back is gray, dark brown or black, with dots, spots, stripes or uniform, and is not covered by well-defined dark spots. Palmar tubercles present accessories; lack of continuous dark stripes or crossbars on the anterior, dorsal and posterior surfaces of the thigh. The tarsus exhibits a series of 2-4 tubercles on its outer margin and tarsal fold or tubercle short interior. The muzzle has a rounded or truncated, with a fleshy pimple on the tip profile. One or more round patches of bright golden yellow or orange (each lined dark) in the groin and on the anterior surface of the thigh is presented. Adult males have nuptial pads, but without vocal slits. The maximum standard length of males is 25 mm. and females is 38 mm. Habitat: They live mainly in humid forests at low and premontane areas of both sides. We have found them in bromeliads. Reproduction: Encapsulated produce eggs which are laid in terrestrial conditions, with direct development (no tadpoles) (Savage 2002). Food: They feed on Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. Distribution in Costa Rica: In the lowlands and middle of the Atlantic slope and south of the Pacific slope, between 40 y1.800 m. Lift (Savage 2002). Distribution outside Costa Rica: It is found in Costa Rica in premontane rainforests on both slopes and in western Panama. There are records in the low lands east and south of Costa Rica and the central part of Panama to western Ecuador. It is located from 40 to 1550 m. Diagnostic description: The legs lacking webbing. Ll finger is longer than the l: lll-lV fingers have clearly expanded discs. The heel has a tuber (trace) well defined, pointy to fold. Has a defined or enlarged and pointed shaped top fold tuber; subarticular tubercles of fingers are not pointed or sharp, but can be high. The tympanum is indistinct or covered with skin. The discs of the outer fingers (III-IV) of the hand are very large, truncated or emarginate. The supraocular tubercle is large, pointed or shaped fold, and is not located at the free edge of the eyelid, but more towards the center. The back is gray, dark brown or black, with dots, spots, stripes or uniform, and is not covered by well-defined dark spots. Palmar tubercles present accessories; lack of continuous dark stripes or crossbars on the anterior, dorsal and posterior surfaces of the thigh. The tarsus exhibits a series of 2-4 tubercles on its outer margin and tarsal fold or tubercle short interior. The muzzle has a rounded or truncated, with a fleshy pimple on the tip profile. One or more round patches of bright golden yellow or orange (each lined dark) in the groin and on the anterior surface of the thigh is presented. Adult males have nuptial pads, but without vocal slits. The maximum standard length of males is 25 mm. and females is 38 mm. Habitat: They live mainly in humid forests at low and premontane areas of both sides. We have found them in bromeliads. Reproduction: Encapsulated produce eggs which are laid in terrestrial conditions, with direct development (no tadpoles) (Savage 2002). Food: They feed on Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. Distribution in Costa Rica: In the lowlands and middle of the Atlantic slope and south of the Pacific slope, between 40 y1.800 m. Lift (Savage 2002). Distribution outside Costa Rica: It is found in Costa Rica in premontane rainforests on both slopes and in western Panama. There are records in the low lands east and south of Costa Rica and the central part of Panama to western Ecuador. It is located from 40 to 1550 m. Bocas Species Database Habitat: Viven principalmente en bosques húmedos en las zonas bajas y premontanas de ambas vertientes. Se les ha encontrado en bromelias. Distribution: Provincia de Bocas del Toro |
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