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Family: Bufonidae
Cerro Utyum Toad, more... (es: Rana)
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Adult: Species description based on Savage (2002) and Vaughan and Mendelson (2007). A small toad with a rather pointed nose. Males reach lengths of at least 23.4 mm, females to 37.4 mm. Dorsal: Dorsal coloration ranges from gray to brown to orange with few distinct markings. The dorsal surface is covered in small, sometimes pointed warts. The pointed warts are concentrated along the lateral surface of the body and on the upper surfaces of the thighs. The paratoid glands are small and round. The head has very prominent craniel crests. Ventral: The ventral surface is brown, but can appear blueish. The ventral surface also appears warty. Extremities: The hands and feet are extensively webbed. Egg: Many small pale-colored eggs were extracted from a preserved specimen (Trueb 1971). Habitat: Montane cloudforest or oak forest between 1051-2040 m. Ecology: Crepidophryne epiotica lives underground or under deep leaf litter and only rarely comes to the surface (Savage 2002, Vaughan and Mendelson 2007). It is restricted to deep primary forest (Savage 2002, Vaughan and Mendelson 2007). Behavior and communication: Crepidophryne epiotica moves by walking slowly on all four limbs, or by taking small leaps (Vaughan and Mendelson 2007). Type locality: from 5000 feet elevation on Pico Blanco (Costa Rica) Diagnostic description: With an eye after parotid gland, or just above the level of the armpit, moderate to small size, less than half of the upper eyelid area. Lacks eardrum. The length of adult males is 20 to 23 mm. Females of 26 to 29 mm. Without a conspicuous tarsal tubercle. Fingers lack of complete membranes, the inner fingers are well developed. Lacks tarsal fold. The fingers of the hands and legs have well developed subarticular tubercles. Hands and legs are shaped fleshy bearings. The fingers (l-ll-lV) and paw (l-ll-lll-V) are almost fully connected by webbing; the first finger of the leg is very small and undifferentiated externally. Habitat: They live on the forest floor Very Humid Subtropical. Behavior: They are diurnal. Distribution in Costa Rica: In the midlands of the Atlantic slope of the Central Volcanic and Talamanca ranges between 1,050 and 2,040 m. Lift (Savage 2002). Distribution outside Costa Rica: They are west of Panama. |