Habitat: The White-ruffed Manakin can be found mainly in foothills. It favors undergrowth of humid forests. Distribution: This species has been reported from easterm Nicaragua to western Colombia and northwestern Venezuela . Natural History Notes: Like the Manakin species, the White-ruffed Manakin can be found in groups feeding at fruiting trees and looking for insects. Its call usually consists of a sharp "prrrreep" and is produced by both sexes. Conservation status according to IUCN 2008 Red list: Least Concern (LC). It is a resident species. Characteristics: The total length of this species varies between 8.9 cm and 9.5 cm (measured from tip of bill to end of tail). This bird has a short pointed gray-black bill and dark legs. The male and the female differ greatly. The male has an overall plumage mostly blue-black with a white throat. The feathers are longer on the sides, forming a ruff (referred to in the common name). Also, the male of the race reported from western Chiriquí (heteroleuca) has a black of the underparts protuding as a "V" shape into the middle of the lower throat. The female has an olive green plumage on the above with a paler coloration below. Also, the throat and the sides of the head are gray and the belly is yellowish.